Component Wt. %
C 0.42 - 0.5
Fe 98.51 - 98.98
Mn 0.6 - 0.9
P Max 0.04
S Max 0.05
Material Notes:
Medium-carbon steel, can be hammer forged. Can be heat treated, flame or induction hardened, but not recommended for carburizing or cyaniding. AISI cross reference for JIS S45C and KS SM45C.
Physical Properties Metric English Comments
Density 7.85 g/cc 0.284 lb/in3
Mechanical Properties
Hardness, Brinell 179 179
Hardness, Knoop 200 200 Converted from Brinell hardness.
Hardness, Rockwell B 88 88 Converted from Brinell hardness.
Hardness, Vickers 188 188 Converted from Brinell hardness.
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 625 MPa 90600 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield 530 MPa 76900 psi
Elongation at Break 12 % 12 % In 50 mm
Reduction of Area 35 % 35 %
Modulus of Elasticity 205 GPa 29700 ksi Typical for steel
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa 20300 ksi Typical for steel
Poisson's Ratio 0.29 0.29 Typical For Steel
Machinability 55 % 55 % Based on AISI 1212 steel. as 100% machinability
Shear Modulus 80 GPa 11600 ksi Typical for steel
Electrical Properties
Electrical Resistivity 1.62e-005 ohm-cm 1.62e-005 ohm-cm annealed specimen; 0°C (32°F)
Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 2.23e-005 ohm-cm 2.23e-005 ohm-cm annealed specimen; 100°C (212°F)
Thermal Properties
CTE, linear 20°C 11.5 μm/m-°C 6.39 μin/in-°F 0-100oC
CTE, linear 250°C 13 μm/m-°C 7.22 μin/in-°F 0-300°C (68-570°F)
CTE, linear 500°C 14 μm/m-°C 7.78 μin/in-°F 0-500°C (68-930°F)
Specific Heat Capacity 0.486 J/g-°C 0.116 BTU/lb-°F annealed; 50-100°C (122-212°F)
Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.519 J/g-°C 0.124 BTU/lb-°F annealed; 150-200°C (302-392°F)
Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.586 J/g-°C 0.14 BTU/lb-°F annealed; 350-400°C (662-752°F)
Thermal Conductivity 49.8 W/m-K 346 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F Typical steel
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