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Component    Wt. % 

C 0.37 - 0.44 

Fe 98.6 - 99 

Mn 0.6 - 0.9 

P Max 0.04 

S Max 0.05 

Material Notes:

Typical uses include machine, plow, and carriage bolts, tie wire, cylinder head studs, and machined parts, U-bolts, concrete reinforcing rods, forgings, and non-critical springs.

Physical Properties Metric English Comments

Density 7.845 g/cc 0.283 lb/in3  Chemical composition of 0.435% C, 0.69% Mn, 0.20% Si, annealed at 860°C (1580°F).

Mechanical Properties

Hardness, Brinell 149 149 

Hardness, Knoop 169 169  Converted from Brinell hardness.

Hardness, Rockwell B 80 80  Converted from Brinell hardness.

Hardness, Vickers 155 155  Converted from Brinell hardness.

Tensile Strength, Ultimate 525 MPa 76100 psi 

Tensile Strength, Yield 290 MPa 42100 psi 

Elongation at Break 18 % 18 %  in 50 mm

Reduction of Area 40 % 40 % 

Modulus of Elasticity 200 GPa 29000 ksi  Typical for steel

Bulk Modulus 140 GPa 20300 ksi  Typical for steels

Poisson's Ratio 0.29 0.29  Typical For Steel

Izod Impact 49 J 36.1 ft-lb  as rolled, 45 J (33 ft-lb) annealed at 790°C (1450°F), 65 J (48 ft-lb) normalized at 900°C (1650°F)

Shear Modulus 80 GPa 11600 ksi  Typical for steels

Electrical Properties

Electrical Resistivity 1.71e-005 ohm-cm 1.71e-005 ohm-cm  20°C (68°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 0.0001111 ohm-cm 0.0001111 ohm-cm  800°C (1470°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 0.0001149 ohm-cm 0.0001149 ohm-cm  900°C (1650°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 0.0001179 ohm-cm 0.0001179 ohm-cm  1000°C

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 2.21e-005 ohm-cm 2.21e-005 ohm-cm  100°C (212°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 2.96e-005 ohm-cm 2.96e-005 ohm-cm  200°C (390°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 4.93e-005 ohm-cm 4.93e-005 ohm-cm  400°C (750°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 7.63e-005 ohm-cm 7.63e-005 ohm-cm  600°C (1110°F)

Electrical Resistivity at Elevated Temperature 9.32e-005 ohm-cm 9.32e-005 ohm-cm  700°C (1290°F)

Thermal Properties

CTE, linear 20°C 11.3 μm/m-°C 6.28 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu.; 20-100°C (68-212°F)

CTE, linear 20°C 12.1 μm/m-°C 6.72 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu.; 20-200°C (68-390°F)

CTE, linear 250°C 12.2 μm/m-°C 6.78 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu; 20-300°C (68-570°F)

CTE, linear 250°C 13.3 μm/m-°C 7.39 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu; 20-400°C (68-750°F)

CTE, linear 500°C 13.9 μm/m-°C 7.72 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu; 20-500°C (68-930°F)

CTE, linear 500°C 14.2 μm/m-°C 7.89 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu; 20-600°C (68-1110°F)

CTE, linear 500°C 14.8 μm/m-°C 8.22 μin/in-°F  Composition of 0.40% C, 0.11% Mn, 0.01% P, 0.03% S, 0.03% Si, 0.03% Cu; 20-700°C (68-1290°F)

CTE, linear 1000°C 14.7 μm/m-°C 8.17 μin/in-°F  Typical steel

Specific Heat Capacity 0.486 J/g-°C 0.116 BTU/lb-°F  50-100°C (122-212°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.515 J/g-°C 0.123 BTU/lb-°F  150-200°C (300-390°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.528 J/g-°C 0.126 BTU/lb-°F  200-250°C (390-480°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.548 J/g-°C 0.131 BTU/lb-°F  250-300°C (480-570°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.569 J/g-°C 0.136 BTU/lb-°F  300-350°C (570-660°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.586 J/g-°C 0.14 BTU/lb-°F  350-400°C (660-750°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.624 J/g-°C 0.149 BTU/lb-°F  750-800°C (1380-1470°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.649 J/g-°C 0.155 BTU/lb-°F  450-500°C (750-930°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.708 J/g-°C 0.169 BTU/lb-°F  550-600°C (1020-1110°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 0.77 J/g-°C 0.184 BTU/lb-°F  650-700°C (1200-1290°F)

Specific Heat Capacity at Elevated Temperature 1.583 J/g-°C 0.378 BTU/lb-°F  700-750°C (1290-1380°F)

Thermal Conductivity 50.7 W/m-K 352 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  100°C (212°F)

Thermal Conductivity 51.9 W/m-K 360 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  0°C

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 24.7 W/m-K 171 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  800°C

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 29.8 W/m-K 207 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  1200°C (2190°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 30.1 W/m-K 209 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  700°C (1290°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 32.9 W/m-K 228 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  1000°C (1830°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 33.9 W/m-K 235 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  600°C (1110°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 38.2 W/m-K 265 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  500°C (930°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 41.7 W/m-K 289 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  400°C (750°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 45.7 W/m-K 317 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  300°C (570°F)

Thermal Conductivity at Elevated Temperature 48.1 W/m-K 334 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F  200°C (390°F)

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